Abstract The space holder process (SHP) is a useful and common technique to obtain metal foams. However, an important question remains unsolved: Would the quality of the salt affect the properties of the aluminum foam obtained? In this paper, removable preforms of two types of salt (refined and unrefined) were infiltrated with A356 aluminum alloy to obtain metal foams with different pore sizes. The interaction preform-metal was studied from analyzing the morphological structure of the foams, the metal microstructure, and the corrosion resistance of the Al356 alloy. It was observed that, although the two types of salt exhibited some differences, they did not show variations in relation to the porous structure and metal microstructure in the aluminum foams obtained. Additionally, the electrochemical analyses did not show significant effects on the corrosion behavior of aluminum foams caused by the interaction with the salt preforms.

Los azúcares son importantes moléculas que desempeñan funciones trascendentales de señalización celular en los organismos superiores. Su complejidad estructural, representada por sus isómeros, anómeros y diasterómeros, amerita la implementación de metodologías modernas, rápidas y sensibles para su identificación y diferenciación. La espectrometría de masas y su analizador de trampa de iones brinda nuevas alternativas de análisis que favorecen el control de las energías de fragmentación de los analitos. A pesar de que la diferenciación de estereoisómeros no ha sido el campo de aplicación principal de la espectrometría de masas, se ha implementado una metodología para diferenciar los monosácaridos β-D-galactosa y β-D-glucosa y los disacαridos β-D-galactopiranosil-(1→4)-β-D-glucopiranσsido (lactosa), α-D-glucopiranosil-(1→4)-β-D-glucopiranσsido (maltosa) y β-D-fructofuranosil-(2↔1)-α-D-glucopiranσsido (sacarosa) a travιs de sus aductos con amonio y litio por ESI-IT-MS/MS en infusión directa. Se emplean diferentes energías de fragmentación para asegurar la existencia de iones marcadores de la estereoquímica de los analitos. Se evidencia que controlar las energías de colisiones en el análisis estructural de moléculas provee una poderosa y moderna herramienta analítica para los laboratorios de análisis.

Sugars are important molecules with remarkable cell signals pathway functions in higher organisms. The structural complexity of sugar represented by its isomeric, anomeric and diasteromeric configurations deserve the implementation of modern, rapid and sensitive methodologies for its identification and differentiation. Mass spectrometry and its analyzer of ion trap provide new alternative techniques that encourage the control of the fragmentation energies supplied to molecules. Since stereoisomer differentiation is consider outside the mass spectrometry domain, a methodology has been applied in order to differentiate β-D-galactose, β-D-glucose and the disaccharides β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (lactose), α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (maltose) y β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2↔1)-α-D-glucopyranoside (sacarose) trough its ammonium and lithium adducts by infusion on ESI-IT-MS/MS mass spectrometer. Different fragmentation energies have been used to ensure the ion marker occurrence in the analyte stereochemistry. It is evident that the collision energies control in structural analysis of molecules provides a powerful and modern analytical tool to be applied in control laboratories.

In this work we study the surface scattering mechanisms from rough surfaces of a multimode quasi-1D waveguide (conducting quantum wires). The square-gradient scattering mechanism, which was missed in existing studies of the transport through surface-corrugated waveguides, is discovered. The main attention is paid to the interplay between the new mechanism and the known one, as well as its effect on the waveguide transport properties. For any value of the roughness height sigma, the square-gradient terms in the expression for the wave-scattering length (electron mean-free path) are dominant, provided the correlation length Rc of the surface disorder is small enough.